The Job Evaluation Process consists of a broad spectrum of activities which begins with the Job Analysis Process. Though two separate processes, Job Analysis data will be needed and used during the Job Evaluation process. Job Analysis is a comprehensive process while Job Evaluation is a comparative process. Job Analysis is done to develop a job description, while Job Evaluation is a systematic way of determining the value/worth of a job in relation to other jobs in an organization. Complete scrutiny of jobs and their roles in the organization is done in both processes.
An organization undertakes the task of job analysis and evaluation for one or many purposes such as designing new organizational roles and jobs, aligning roles and pay to organizational changes, managing succession in organization, reviewing existing pay structure, auditing legal compliance of pay policies or implementing benchmark pay structures.
During the Job Analysis process an in-depth examination is performed to gather information about every minute detail of a job. Information collected during the job analysis process will be used to write the job description. You will need to collect data regarding the tasks performed by the job, the education and experience required, the working conditions, responsibilities and authorities, and the skills and abilities needed to perform the job. Job data can be collected using an open-ended questionnaire, checklist, or by interviewing incumbents and/or supervisors.
Job Evaluation is the process of determining the importance of a particular job in relation to the other jobs of the organization. Job Evaluation takes place early in the process of creating a salary structure for an organization. Job factors such as skill, effort and decision making authority are assigned a weight, or points, according to how much of that particular factor is present in the job. This determines the relative worth of jobs and their respective position or grade in the salary structure. Jobs with more worth are compensated more than jobs with lesser worth. Ranking the jobs in order of worth after a thorough job evaluation creates a structure for the assignment of salary ranges.
Job Analysis and Job Evaluation are important to an organization to ensure a sound organizational structure, internal pay equity and external market competitiveness. The data and analysis resulting from these two processes will be critical for other human resource processes such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, as well as various compensation processes.
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